行业研究-无创血糖
目录
有无创血糖产品的公司
谷歌
谷歌研发测血糖隐形眼镜的消息曝光后，得到了业界的极大关注。这种隐形眼镜内置上万个微型晶体管和比发丝还细的天线，可通过分析佩戴者泪液中的葡萄糖含量来监测其血糖水平，并以无线形式发送到智能手机等移动设备上，从而免去取血化验的痛苦。有评论认为，谷歌智能隐形眼镜是全球 3.82 亿糖尿病患者的福音，有可能结束刺破皮肤采集血样的历史。
微软
微软也不甘示弱。微软研究院研究员戴斯尼·谭 (Desney Tan) 称：“微软早在 2011 年就启动了葡萄糖感应隐形眼镜项目，并与前效力于谷歌眼镜项目的布莱恩·奥蒂斯 (Brian Otis) 进行了合作研发。” 奥蒂斯是谷歌智能隐形眼镜项目的负责人之一。
荷兰 NovioSense
荷兰 NovioSense 公司也在研发一款类似的内置眼内的传感器产品，可远程检测眼内葡萄糖水平。该产品于2014年 进行第一阶段的临床试验。
About NovioSense：NovioSense is a revolution in non-invasive glucose monitoring utilising wireless data and power to continually monitor glucose levels in tear fluid. By reimagining the finger strip technology into a new form our non-invasive device will allow patients to monitor glucose levels on demand non-invasively and unobtrusively.
Our vision is to free diabetics from the painful finger prick and throughout this leverage for our shareholders the significant market potential that such a non-invasive glucose monitor could achieve.
Diabetes is a global problem; almost 600m patients will be suffering from this disease by 2032. The majority of severe diabetics undergo a painful reminder of their disease multiple times a day by means of drawing blood to measure their glucose levels. I strongly believe that we can free the diabetic from this antiquated and painful reminder, which is why NovioSense set out in 2012 to reinvent the way we measure glucose. We believe that by reimagining the finger strip technology into a new form factor our non-invasive device will allow patients to monitor glucose levels on demand not only non-invasively but also unobtrusively. We have discovered that tears are a unique source of biomarkers with excellent prediction of blood biomarker levels. Armed with this knowledge we have developed a non-invasive sensor capable of detecting trace levels of glucose in tears and accurately extrapolating these values back to blood glucose levels.
It is our vision that this technology will be a user-friendly replacement for the painful finger prick. We have designed our device from the ground up to replace the finger prick. The detection method employs the same robust enzymatic detection used in current state of the art glucose monitors. The small form factor of the sensor makes it easy to place and remove behind the lower eyelid without specialist training. Smart hydrogel coatings sourced from sustainable sources create a soft interface between the eye and the sensor facilitating extended wear times. The combination of these features will enable us to develop a continuous glucose monitor that breaks free of the niche market and presents a real challenge to the finger prick. This means that in the time ahead we will work passionately as a team to realize this revolutionary technique and to ensure that it is ready to enter the market in 2018.
A REVOLUTION IN NON-INVASIVE MONITORING
The eye has long been termed the window on the soul, in fact NovioSense has discovered that the eye provides a diagnostic window to many critical health parameters. Using this knowledge we have developed a unique ophthalmic insert for Type 1 diabetics.
NovioSense is a small and flexible spring like device measuring less than 2 cm in length and 1.5mm in diameter. The whole device is coated with a soft hydrogel layer. The flexible form factor allows the device to bend to conform to the surface of the lower eye lid where the sensor is placed. Utilising state of the art low-power and highly sensitive ASIC technology developed by Fraunhofer IMS together with NovioSense the device can measure minute changes in glucose levels in the tears that are representative of blood glucose levels.
瑞士公司 Sensimed（Triggerfish）
瑞士公司 Sensimed 也开发出了一款智能隐形眼镜 Triggerfish，不过这款眼镜主要针对青光眼患者，目前已有数家医院试用。
以色列 OrSense
以色列OrSense公司在测试基于光谱技术的无创监测系统，该系统被称为“SpectOLight”，采用无创光测量平台，配备环形手指传感器。环形传感器给予手指压力会暂时堵塞血流，形成新的血液动力，从而产生独特的光信号，通过分析这些信号即可测量血糖水平。目前据称准确率可达90%，而有报道宣称之前的临床试验效果比较好，准确率更高。不过也有报道指出该技术不太稳定：部分一型糖尿病患者和血糖波动很大的患者，偏差比较大。
美国 Medtronic
美敦力公司根据离子电渗析技术原理，开发出了MiniMed无损伤血糖仪，佩戴在手臂上，可连续测定病人血糖读数。如果用户出现低血糖症状，会收到声光信号提醒。目前德康医疗也在进行类似的产业化布局，而且资本市场对其态度十分火热，市值飙升。不过他以皮下埋植技术为主，未来长期应用可能还是要更换埋植物及换电池等等的操作，而且每天间隔比较短的时间还需要指尖采血校准两次，所以并不能算严格意义上的无创血糖测量，因此本文也不再展开，但是Dr.2认为，连续监测肯定是一个趋势，也非常看好德康的技术方向。
美国 Cygnus公司（GlucoWatch ）
早在 2001 年（没错，就是 2001 年），FDA 就曾批准一款腕表式血糖监测仪，即加州 Cygnus 医疗仪表公司开发的 GlucoWatch。GlucoWatch 外观如一只电子表，体积比普通电子表略大，可用于测定患者的即时血糖情况。但有用户表示，当电流从皮肤上流过时感觉有些疼痛，时而还会出现一些故障。
加拿大 CME Telemetrix（Futrex）
加拿大 CME Telemetrix 医用仪表公司也推出一款腕表式无创血糖仪 Futrex。
